Research articles
Longer-form summaries of published scientific literature on research compounds. Laboratory reference information only.
Amylin Receptor Research: RAMPs, Subtypes and Evidence | Elegance Peptides
Amylin receptors are built from a calcitonin receptor and an accessory protein. What that architecture means, and what the published research reports.
BPC-157 Evidence Review: What Has Been Studied in Humans | Elegance Peptides
BPC-157 has three decades of animal literature and almost no human clinical literature. This review sets out exactly what human data exist, what they are, what the preclinical record does and does not support, and which trials are registered but unreported.
Cagrilintide and CagriSema Clinical Trials: Populations and Endpoints | Elegance Peptides
A trial-by-trial account of the published clinical literature on the amylin analogue cagrilintide alone and as the fixed combination with semaglutide: populations, designs, durations, primary endpoints, results as reported, adverse events and limitations.
GIP Receptor Research: Agonism, Antagonism and the Evidence | Elegance Peptides
The GIP receptor is the only major metabolic target where agonism and antagonism are both being pursued clinically. What the published literature reports.
GLP-1 Receptor Research: Cloning, Signalling and Evidence | Elegance Peptides
The GLP-1 receptor from its 1992 cloning to the trials that defined it: expression, signalling, the clearance problem and the published evidence.
Glucagon Receptor Research: Signalling, Axis and Trials | Elegance Peptides
The glucagon receptor was avoided in metabolic research for decades. What changed, what the liver–alpha cell axis is, and what the trials report.
Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R1a) Research | Elegance Peptides
GHS-R1a was found because of synthetic peptides; its hormone came afterwards. Structure, constitutive activity, and what the research reports.
Kisspeptin in Human Physiology Research: Endpoints and Findings | Elegance Peptides
Kisspeptin-10 and kisspeptin-54 have been administered to people in physiology studies since 2005, and kisspeptin-54 has been tested as an oocyte maturation trigger in assisted reproduction. This article separates the two peptides and sets out what each study measured.
MK-677 (Ibutamoren) in Human Clinical Trials: Endpoints and Findings | Elegance Peptides
MK-677 has an unusually complete clinical record for a compound sold as a research chemical: multiple randomised trials, including two that enrolled hundreds of patients. This article sets out what each trial measured, what it found, and why the programme stopped.
NAD+ and Precursors in Human Trials: What Was Measured | Elegance Peptides
Almost no human trial has administered NAD+ itself. The clinical literature is about precursors — nicotinamide riboside, nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide — and this article keeps them separate, trial by trial.
PT-141 (Bremelanotide) in Human Clinical Trials: Endpoints and Findings | Elegance Peptides
Bremelanotide completed a full development programme of 43 studies and 3,500 participants, including two identical phase 3 trials. This article sets out each trial, the endpoints used, the effect sizes reported, the cardiovascular findings, and what the programme never tested.
Retatrutide in Human Clinical Trials: Populations and Endpoints | Elegance Peptides
A trial-by-trial account of the published human clinical literature on retatrutide: who was enrolled, how each study was designed, how long it ran, what the primary endpoint was, what the papers report, and what the record does not establish.
Semaglutide in Human Clinical Trials: Populations and Endpoints | Elegance Peptides
A trial-by-trial account of the published SUSTAIN, PIONEER, STEP, SELECT, FLOW, SOUL, ESSENCE and evoke programmes: populations, designs, durations, primary endpoints, results as reported, adverse events and limitations.
SS-31 (Elamipretide) in Human Clinical Trials: Endpoints and Findings | Elegance Peptides
Elamipretide, the compound also known as SS-31, has been tested in randomised trials in primary mitochondrial myopathy, Barth syndrome and dry age-related macular degeneration. This article sets out each trial, its primary endpoint, and what was and was not met.
TB-500 and Thymosin Beta-4 Clinical Research: What Has Been Studied | Elegance Peptides
The clinical literature attached to the name TB-500 is almost entirely literature on full-length thymosin beta-4. This article separates the two, then goes trial by trial through the phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3 human record and what it leaves unresolved.
Tesamorelin in Human Clinical Trials: Populations and Endpoints | Elegance Peptides
A trial-by-trial account of the published clinical literature on tesamorelin: the phase 2 and phase 3 trials in people with HIV and abdominal fat accumulation, the hepatic-fat trials, the endpoints each used, what was reported, and what remains unstudied.
Tirzepatide in Human Clinical Trials: Populations and Endpoints | Elegance Peptides
A trial-by-trial account of the published SURPASS, SURMOUNT, SYNERGY-NASH, SUMMIT and SURPASS-CVOT programmes: populations enrolled, designs, durations, primary endpoints, results as reported, adverse events and limitations.
Triple Receptor Agonists Explained: GIP, GLP-1 and Glucagon | Elegance Peptides
What a triple receptor agonist is, why the glucagon arm was the hard part, and what the published preclinical and clinical literature actually reports.
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